Evaluating Digital Instructional Materials Using Eye-Tracking: A Pilot Study Across Multiple Learning Modes

Abstract

This study developed different types of digital interactive teaching materials, including click-based e-books, game-based learning materials, and tabletop virtual reality materials. The goal was to assess their effectiveness through learners' eye-tracking data to understand the potential challenges and benefits these materials offer. The study involved 12 students performing eye-tracking tasks to collect implicit eye movement data. The eye-tracking analysis revealed that most learners focused on visual and pictorial content. While VR environments helped learners immerse themselves in the scene, the study suggests that 3D-based learning materials require careful design regarding area separation, as learners tend to focus heavily on the central visual field.