Learning Concentration on Virtual Reality Learning: Scale Development and a Pilot Study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a multidimensional instrument for elementary and junior high school students’ learning concentration on learning using Virtual Reality Technology. Two studies were conducted. The VR Learning Scale (VRLS) was developed based on in-depth literature review and theories followed by a review of eight experts. Data from 259 students ranging from 4th grade to 7th grade with VR learning experience was collected and analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis, the VRLS was validated in four dimensions: immersion, behavior concentration, cognitive concentration, and emotional concentration. A pilot study of 37 elementary school students was conducted and the results indicated the significant correlation between the four factors of VR learning and, learning motivation, technology acceptance and satisfaction. Implication for future studies is provided.