A Dual-Framework Approach to Evaluate Marker less AR Application: Insights from SUS and HARUS Questionnaires

Abstract

This study investigates the usability and user experience of a marker less Augmented Reality (AR) application designed to facilitate learning in Engineering Drawing (ED). Utilizing the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Hand-Held AR Usability Scale (HARUS), the research adopts a dual-framework analysis to evaluate both general and AR-specific usability aspects. Results demonstrate high user satisfaction, with an average SUS score of 88.6, indicating excellent usability. The HARUS analysis highlights AR-specific usability factors such as immersion and intuitiveness, which are critical for enhancing the user experience. Participant feedback points to the effectiveness of the application in engaging learners and supporting the comprehension of complex ED concepts. These findings underscore the importance of using complementary assessment tools to inform the design and optimization of AR-based educational applications.